Chemical burns in dogs: Identification, immediate care, and when to seek help

Chemical burns in dogs occur when their skin or mucous membranes come into contact with corrosive substances, leading to tissue damage. Prompt recognition and appropriate first aid are crucial to minimise injury and prevent complications.

Recognising chemical burns in dogs

The full extent of chemical burn injuries may take up to three days to manifest. During this period, tissue damage can progress, especially if residual chemicals remain on the skin. Common signs include:

  • Skin symptoms:

    • Reddened, inflamed skin that may feel warm to the touch
    • Blistering or ulceration
    • Discharge ranging from clear to pus-like
    • Discoloration of the affected area
    • Sloughing (shedding) of tissue

  • Behavioural indicators:

    • Excessive licking or grooming of the affected area
    • Signs of pain or discomfort upon contact

  • Oral involvement:

    • Ulcers or sores in the mouth
    • Excessive drooling
    • Reluctance to eat

If your dog exhibits any of these symptoms, it’s essential to initiate immediate first aid and consult a vet.

Common causes for chemical burns in dogs

Common causes for chemical burns are often found in household products, such as:

  • Acids: toilet bowl cleaners, battery acid, metal cleaners, rust removers, concrete cleaners, sulphuric acid.
  • Bases: bleach, drain cleaners, over cleaners, ammonia substances, toilet bowl cleaners, Lysol, potash, pool chlorinating solutions, lime;
  • Solvents: phenols (including wound disinfectants), turpentine, paint thinners, gasoline, kerosene;
  • Oxidising agents: bleaches, peroxide, manganates.

Immediate first aid steps

  1. Ensure personal safety:

    • Wear protective gear, such as rubber gloves, long-sleeved clothing, and eye protection, to prevent self-exposure to harmful chemicals.

  2. Initial rinse:

    • Flush the affected skin area with large volumes of lukewarm tap water for at least 15 minutes to remove the chemical. Avoid using cold or hot water, as extreme temperatures can exacerbate the injury.

  3. Mild detergent wash:

    • If advised by a veterinarian, gently wash the contaminated area with a mild dishwashing detergent to remove oily or oil-based substances. Rinse thoroughly to eliminate all residues.

  4. Drying:

    • Gently pat the area dry with a clean towel. Avoid rubbing, which can further irritate the skin.

  5. Prevent licking:

    • Use an Elizabethan collar to prevent your dog from licking the affected area, which could lead to ingestion of harmful substances.

  6. Seek veterinary care:

    • Contact your vet promptly for further evaluation and treatment. Provide details about the chemical involved and the extent of exposure.

Important: Never use solvents or neutralising agents on your dog’s skin without veterinary guidance, as they can cause additional harm.

Concerned about chemical burns? Contact Lort Smith for help

If your dog has been exposed to a chemical substance, prompt action is vital. Our experienced veterinary team is here to help.

Our North Melbourne Accident and Emergency department is open 365 days a year, no bookings required. If possible, we recommend calling to let us know you are on the way.

You can also call or book an appointment online for our North Melbourne or Campbellfield clinics.

Other information

Human antiseptic preparations often contain phenols, which cause chemical burns in animals. Do not apply antiseptic preparations to wounds on pets without first seeking veterinary advice. If in doubt, use saline.

References

Garzotto CK (2009) Thermal burn injury. In: Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. Ed. Silverstein DC & Hopper K. Missouri, USA: Saunders Elsevier.

House A (2013) Medical and Surgical Management of Burns in Companion Animals. Webinar organised by Lort Smith Animal Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, hosted by Vet Education

Greer RJ & Mann FA (2008) Burns. In: Handbook of Small Animal Practice. 5thEdn. Morgan RV (ed.). Missouri, USA: Saunders Elsevier